From Checkpoints to Code: The Transformation of the European BorderFor much of modern history, borders have been tangible sites of encounter. Travelers presented documents to human officials, whose decisions-however imperfect-were grounded in discretion, context, and accountability. This traditional image of
Geopolitical Transformation and the Emergence of Korea–Mongolia Strategic ConvergenceThe contemporary international order is increasingly characterized by intensified geopolitical competition, deepening economic fragmentation, and the strategic reconfiguration of interdependence across regions. In this evolving environment, states that do not possess the
Middle Power Constraints and Korea’s Strategic Turn to South AsiaThe contemporary international order is increasingly shaped by intensifying geopolitical competition, economic fragmentation, and the growing politicization of interdependence. In this evolving environment, middle powers face structural constraints in projecting influence
Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan’s victory in the June 2026 parliamentary election is more than another electoral success for the leader who emerged from the Velvet Revolution. It represents an endorsement of a political/geopolitical project that seeks to redefine Armenia’s
Digital Russia beyond stereotypesPeople who have never visited Russia, especially Moscow, often think of Russia as a country far removed from advanced technology. In reality, however, this perception is quite different from what one actually sees on the ground. Russia
Global supply chains have been undergoing significant restructuring for several years. In 2020–2021, the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the fragility of the existing system, exposing dependence on narrow production and logistics corridors. The Russian invasion of Ukraine added political constraints and
Macron’s visit to Armenia in early May 2026 should not be viewed merely as a courtesy visit. It came in the wake of the European Political Community (EPC) summit, in which both Armenia and Azerbaijan participate, and was followed the
India’s growing engagement with the Mediterranean reflects a broader adjustment in New Delhi’s external strategy. As India seeks more resilient trade routes, a stronger role in Eurasian connectivity and wider markets for its defence industry, the Eastern Mediterranean has become
A seminar titled “Caspian Nexus: Connectivity, Energy, and Influence” will be held on June 16, 2026, at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies in Seoul. The program will bring together academic and policy-oriented discussions on the Caspian region’s growing role in
IntroductionAs global energy systems undergo rapid transformation driven by decarbonization pressures, technological innovation, and shifting geopolitical alignments, energy-producing states are increasingly redefining their strategies to remain competitive. In this evolving landscape, Azerbaijan has begun to move beyond its traditional role
