The Importance of the Arctic Ocean and the PanStar Acro’s ChallengeAs Arctic glaciers rapidly melt due to climate change and global warming, new economic opportunities and severe environmental challenges have emerged simultaneously. With the opening of the Arctic Route, which
Korea’s Arctic engagement has become increasingly visible in recent years. The passage of the Special Act on the Promotion of Arctic Shipping Routes and Related Industries in May 2026, together with the government’s plan to conduct a pilot container voyage
Introduction The rapid melting of Arctic sea ice caused by climate change is creating new possibilities for maritime transportation across the Arctic Ocean. Among the emerging routes, the Northern Sea Route (NSR), which runs along Russia’s Arctic coastline, has attracted
The Strategic Weight of Diplomatic DiscourseIn international relations (IR), the language states use to describe their role — the frames, metaphors, and identity claims embedded in policy documents and diplomatic communications — tends to shape what they can ask for,
The Formation and Institutionalization of Brazil’s Antarctic Program Brazil’s emergence as an active participant in Antarctic affairs did not end with its accession to the Antarctic Treaty System; rather, it marked the beginning of a more structured and long-term national
Strategic Context and Policy Evolution of Korea’s Arctic Engagement Climate change in the Arctic is expected to produce profound and multidimensional impacts on Korea’s socio-economic structure. As global warming accelerates the melting of Arctic sea ice, the region is undergoing
1. The Polar Regions at a Crossroads: Environmental Challenges and Geopolitical InterestsThe polar regions, comprising the Arctic and the Antarctic, are characterized by extreme climatic conditions, geographical remoteness, and ecological fragility. Despite these challenges, advances in science and technology and