The opening session of the Shangri-La Dialogue on May 29, 2026, captured the central tension in Vietnam’s diplomacy. Tô Lâm, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam and State President, spoke of a rules-based order, strategic trust, preventive diplomacy,
From Checkpoints to Code: The Transformation of the European BorderFor much of modern history, borders have been tangible sites of encounter. Travelers presented documents to human officials, whose decisions-however imperfect-were grounded in discretion, context, and accountability. This traditional image of
Geopolitical Transformation and the Emergence of Korea–Mongolia Strategic ConvergenceThe contemporary international order is increasingly characterized by intensified geopolitical competition, deepening economic fragmentation, and the strategic reconfiguration of interdependence across regions. In this evolving environment, states that do not possess the
Middle Power Constraints and Korea’s Strategic Turn to South AsiaThe contemporary international order is increasingly shaped by intensifying geopolitical competition, economic fragmentation, and the growing politicization of interdependence. In this evolving environment, middle powers face structural constraints in projecting influence
Digital Russia beyond stereotypesPeople who have never visited Russia, especially Moscow, often think of Russia as a country far removed from advanced technology. In reality, however, this perception is quite different from what one actually sees on the ground. Russia
Armenia’s emerging artificial intelligence (AI) sector should be understood not as a sudden technological success story, but as a late attempt to overcome a long cycle of post-Soviet economic narrowing. After independence, Armenia experienced a sharp process of deindustrialization. The
Introduction: The Geopolitics of Digital RegulationThe politics of digital regulation has become one of the clearest examples of how economics, technology, and geopolitics now overlap. What might once have looked like a technical debate over competition law, online safety, or
1. The Rise of the Digital Economy and the EU’s Digital Single Market StrategyThe expansion of the digital economy is a global trend. In particular, the spread of COVID-19 rapidly accelerated digital transformation across all sectors of society, with e-commerce