Italy’s Entry into the Belt and Road Initiative: Expectations and ControversiesOn March 22, 2019, Italy became the first G7 country to sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with China to participate in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This decision,
Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s official visit to Azerbaijan on 4 May 2026 formalized the transformation of relations between Rome and Baku from a conventional diplomatic relationship into a comprehensive and multidimensional strategic partnership. At a time when Europe is
IntroductionAs Korea and Bulgaria mark the 36th anniversary of diplomatic relations in 2026, their bilateral ties are entering a new phase defined less by symbolism and more by converging strategic interests. What was once a relationship characterized largely by cordial
Introduction: The Geopolitics of Digital RegulationThe politics of digital regulation has become one of the clearest examples of how economics, technology, and geopolitics now overlap. What might once have looked like a technical debate over competition law, online safety, or
The Evolution of European Studies in Korea: From Regional Studies to Multidisciplinary Expansion European Studies in Korea has undergone a significant transformation over the past four decades, evolving from a relatively narrow branch of regional studies into a broad, multidisciplinary
Korea’s Expanding Global Profile: Economic, Military, and Technological Dimensions In the context of rapidly shifting global dynamics, Korea has emerged as a country whose international standing has grown significantly across political, economic, and military domains. This transformation is particularly evident
While the eyes of the world are on turmoil in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, and on Russia’s ongoing war of aggression against Ukraine, the relevance of an assessment of relations between a European and an East Asian
1. The Rise of the Digital Economy and the EU’s Digital Single Market StrategyThe expansion of the digital economy is a global trend. In particular, the spread of COVID-19 rapidly accelerated digital transformation across all sectors of society, with e-commerce
Introduction: A Shifting Security Landscape Since 2022, the international security environment has undergone a structural transformation. The war in Ukraine revealed the depth of interdependence between European and Indo-Pacific security dynamics, accelerating a shift in how major multilateral institutions define
In 2025, the first EU–Central Asia Summit took place amid intensifying global competition, emphasizing the EU’s efforts to strengthen ties through connectivity, economic diversification and access to critical raw materials. Key regional concerns—including migration, sanctions circumvention, and infrastructure gaps—were also